Method of and apparatus for making cement-lined pipe



Ag. 4,' 1925. l 1,548,161 Y R. J. NEWSON METHOD oF ANDIAPPARATUS FOR MAKING CEMENT LINED PIPE Y Filed oct. 12. 1922 [NVE/WOR.

.64% Jde Patented Aug. 4, 1925.

UNITED s'rivrlss'y PATENT GFFICE.

REEVES J'. NEWSOM, 0F LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS.

METHOD OF ANI) APPARATUS FOR MAKING CEMENT-LINED PIPE.

Application led October 12, 1922. Serial ivo. 594,052.

1 To all whom t may concern Massachusetts, have invented an Improve-V ment in Methods of and Apparatus for Making Cement-Lined Pipe, of which the fol-.

lowing description in connectionV with the accompanying drawings 1s a specific-ation, like characters on the drawings representing s, g. like parts.

Thisinvention relates to ya novel methodv of and apparatus for manufacturing a cement lined p-ipe or like hollow article, and particularly for manufacturing, a superior f .1 cement lined pipe, as will bedescribed.

To this end, the pipe to be lined, such asl an iro-1i pipe, is filled for a portion of its length with a mass of plastic cement, preferably of a composition as will be described,

v, and said mass of cement is converted into tubular form by Ymeans of a mandrel and a follower, as will be described, which are drawn throughthe pipe. The mandrel and follower are centered within the pipe as will be described, so as to form` a tubular lining of uniform or substantially uniform thickness throughout the length of the iron or other pipe. i

The mandrel and follower are suitably shapedto enable the-mandrel to first shape the plasticvmass into the form of a tubular section of less internal diameter than that of thev nished lining, Yand the rfollowerfis suitably shaped to subject the tubular secv tion formed by the mandrel'to internal pressure so as to compress thematerial of said tubular section land form a tube oflarger internal diameter. v

ft is preferredto employ` an additional 'follower of larger diameter, which is attached to the irst follower so kasto still further compress the tubular/.section com'- pressed by the first follower, and to thereby enlarge the internal diameter `of said 1 tubularsection, and said second follower is preferred by me is a mixture of natural or Rosendale cement,`Portland cement and a substance, such as hydrate of lime,'which imparts elasticity to the mixture.l

A pipe provided with a lining of the com-v positionV referred toy and produced as above described, is superior to the ordinary cement lined pipein that the lining is stronger, of uniform thickness throughout itsH length, can be usedfin a materially shorter time and can be vhandled roughly withoutinjuring the lining.` y f These and vother features of this invention will be pointed out in the claims at theend of this specification.

Figs. 1,2 and 3 represent iny section portions of an iron or other pipe and an apparatus to illustrate the improved method vof manufacturing cement lined pipe.

Fig. 4:, a view in elevation and section of a portion of the finished pipe. v Fig. 5, a cross section on an enlarged scale taken on the'line 5 5, Fig. 2, and A Fig. 6, a cross section ofthe finished pipe on-an enlarged scale, taken on the line (5-6, Fig. Il. i Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, ct represents a pipe tobe lined,.which may be of iron f orsteel. or other metal, and of any desired size or diameter according .to theuse to which the lined pipe is to be put.

Thethree pieces or sections 10, 12, 13 of pipe shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 form part of a continuous length of pipe,.the pieces 10, 13 being the end portions; vand the piece 12 the intermediate portion of said pipe. The pipe o is provided with a lining Z) of cementtiOusmateriaI, which is preferably offa novel mixture or composition of cement, aswill be described, with which a superior cement lined pipe is obtained.

The pipea is provided with the lining Zn in the following manner: The pipe` a. is filled for a portion of its length with a mass 1'5 of cement, which is present in sufficient quantity to ensure the liningb being formed therefrom forfthe entire length'of the metal pipe w. The partially'filled pipe a is then laid in a horizontal position upon a suitable support, not'shown, and aV device orapparatus for convertmgthe mass of cement 15 into the tubular lining I) is drawnthrough the pipe. The apparatus referred to may and pref# erably will be made as herein shown and comprises a member 16 constituting the initial forming member or mandrel and members 17 18 constituting followers or finishing members.

The mandrel 16 is provided at its front end with a conical nose 19, provided with an eye 2O to which a wire, cord or other device 21 is attached Afor drawing the mandrel through the pipe a.. The mandrel 16 has att-ached to its rear end the followers 17, 18.

ln the present instance, the follower 17 is shown integral with the mandrel and the follower 18 detachably secured to the follower 17. The follower 17 is of larger' diameter than the mandrel and the follower 18 is of larger diameter than they follower 17. The follower 18 is provided'with a front portion 25 of smaller diameter than the follower 17 for a purpose, as will be described. The front portion 25, as shown, is made conical and is provided with a cylindrical extension 2G which has a screw threaded socket for the reception of a screw threaded projection 27 on the follower 17, as indicated by dotted lines in Figs. 1, 2 and 3.

The mandrel 16 is provided with yielding devices for centering the mandrel in the pipe a., and it is preferred to employ two sets 30, 31 of said centering devices, which are designed to Contact with the interior of the pipe a, preferably on opposite.` sides of the center of gravity of the mandrel and its attached followers.

The centering devices are preferably made as narrow wings. or spring metal strips which are rigidly secured at their front ends to the mandrel and are free at their rear ends. The metal strips are bowed out-- wardly to engage the inner circumference of the pipe e and have their free ends in sliding engagement with the mandrel. The metal strips 30, 31 are arranged about the circumference of the mandrel and extend lengthwise thereof, and may be arranged on the quarter, with the strips of the set 31 arranged out of line with the strips of the set 30 and preferably midway between the lat-- ter strips. By locating the centering devices on oppositey sides of the center of gravity of the tube-forming apparatus, the latter is accurately centered for it-s entire length with relation to pipe a and its rear end is prevented from dropping under t-he influence of gravity. As a result of this arrangement, a cement lining of uniform thickness is formed throughout the length of the pipe.

In operation, the conical nose 19 of the mandrel is entered into the plastic mass 15 of cement, which fills the rear end of the pipe as indicated in Fig. 1 and the mandrel and 'followers' are drawn through the pipe by means of the wire or cord 21.

As the mandrel is drawn into the pipe a., itis centered therein by the front set 30 of the spring strips orI flexible wings, and a portion of the mass 15 of cement is converted into the form of a tubular section 33 of greater thickness and less internal diameter than that desired for the finished lining Z).

As the mandrel progresses through the pipe e, the second set 31 of wings or centering strips is brought within the pipe a, and both sets of centering devices engage the interior surface of the pipe a. and being free at their rear ends readily yield to irregularities in said surface.

As the mandrel progresses through the pipe a, the .mass 15 of cement between the mandrel and the pipe forms the tubular section 33 which is reduced slightly by the follower 17, to form a section 34: of less thickness and greater internal diameter than the section 33, see F ig. 2, and the section 3d is still further reduced in thickness and made of greater internal diameter by t-he follower 18 to form the lining` b.

As the mandrel passes through the pipe a, the centering wings 30, 31 form relatively narrow slots 110, t1 respectively in the tubular section 33 of cement, and these slots are filled up or closed with cement by the followers 17, 18, so that the finished lining b is free from said slots, as shown in Figs. a and 6.

After the follower 17 has compressed the plastic. material and formed the section of the tubular lining, the latter is relieved from pressure by the smaller front portion 25, 26 of the follower 18, which allows the plastic section 3e' toexpand somewhat and air bubbles therein to escape, afterv which it is still further compressed and compacted by the follower 18, thereby forming the lining 7) which is compact and provided with a smooth interior and is. of substantially uniform thickness) throughout thelength of the pipe.

The cement used may be such as is now commonly used for forming the lining of iron pipes, to wit, natural or Rosendale cement, but it is preferred to use a cementitious mixture or composition composed of llosendale or like natural cement, Portland cement and hydrated lime; as with such mixture or composition, a superior lining is obtained, in -thatsaid mixture is quicker setting, more elastic or workable, and harder when set than that heretofore used and known to me.

Pipes provided with a lining of the preferred composition can be made and used in about three or four days, whereas pipes lined with natural cement, to wit, Rosendale, require aging for two or three weeks, and then have to be handled with care to avoid fracturing the lining, where as a1 pipe lined with the preferred `composition can be'roughly handled without injuring the lining three or four days after it has been made.

A cement lined pipe of the composition Yzo described and produced by the method and with the apparatus herein described is especially useful as a water pipe and is superior to cement lined pipes hereto-fore produced and known to me, in that the cement lining is of uniform or substantially uniform thickness throughout the length of the pipe and is less expensive to produce, as the centering yielding wings enable the mandrel to be used in pipes whose inner surfaces do not have to be previously treated by plugging or drifting, as now commonly practiced, and further as the lined pipes can be commercia-lly used three or four days after they have been formed.

It is preferredto use a cement composed of about 25% natural cement, 70% Portland cement and 5% hydrated lime, but it is not desired to limit the invention in this respect, as good results can be obtained with compositions ranging from 5 to 40% natural cement, 60 to 90% Portland cement and 2 to 15% hydrated lime, depending upon the service the pipe is to be used for, the character of the water andthe temperature.

An iron pipe lined with cement ofthe preferred composition can be used in place of brass or lead pipe.

lVhile it is preferred to locate the sets of wings on opposite sides of the center of gravity of the mandrel and its attached follower l or followers, it is not desired to limit. the invent-ion in this respect, as good results may be obtained with both sets of wings on the same side of the center of gravity but with one set as 31 at or near the center of gravity.

Claims# A l. The method of making cement lined pipe, which consists in shaping a plastic mass of cement within a pipe into the formv of a cylindrical tube `which is of less internal a mandrel of smaller diameter than that of the lining desired, 'a follower of larger diameter than said mandrel and connected with the rear end thereof, and yielding centering devices attached tosaid mandrel and located on oppositesides of the center of gravity of said mandrel and a follower.

3. Apparatus for forming a tubular cev ment lining within a pipe from a mass of plastic cement within said pipe, comprising a mandrel having at its front end a conical nose, and at its rear end a follower of larger diameter than said mandrel, said mandrel having attached to it between itsends yielding centering wings.

4. Apparatus for lforming a tubular cement lining within a. pipe from a mass of plastic cement within said pipe, comprising a mandrel provided with centering devices located between its ends, and a plurality of, followers of larger diameter than said mandrel and connected therewith, one of said followers having-a reduced portion which is attached to the other of said followers. v

f In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification. 

